Wednesday, January 31, 2007

Navigating the blog

If you look over to the sidebar on the right, Irene has set up a link called 'All Instructor Posts' so you can stay up to date with our announcements here.

Also I encourage you to link to each other's posts when you do your response essays. Everything can be found under 'Previous Posts' or 'Archive' (on the right).

We'd like the blogging experience to be a conversation that builds upon itself. So take the time to familiarize yourself with what your classmates are writing. If your ideas address, or complicate, a previous post, please make that connection explicit.

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Kinoglaz



If you didn't get a chance to see the Kinoglaz film that Irene posted about earlier, I made a clip of the reverse-time sequence, so you don't have to stream through the larger file. Notice how Vertov combines the tools of the kino-eye with a very specific kind of political/social argument about buying meat from co-operatives. It's cinema, time-travel, and social critique all at once.

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Please upgrade to Gmail account in order to use course blog

Blogger has updated their system so that people can only post to blogs if they login using a Gmail account. This means that those of you who are signed into blogger with a NON Gmail account will be forced to start up a Gmail account in order to post to our course blog.

Sorry about this additional step. Google bought Blogger a couple years ago and now they seem to be synchronizing services.

Please email Irene or Josh if you have any questions or run into any problems.

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Tuesday, January 30, 2007

Templates etc.

Hi folks,

Sorry about the erratic change of templates. I was trying to add a truncating function so that it's easier to scroll through all these posts. This site explains how to do it. But unfortunately I couldn't get it to work. I know there's some coders in the class, so if you think you can help let us know.

By the way, these posts, and the conversations they've generated have been phenomenal. Irene and I are both really impressed. I'm working on synthesizing some of your ideas together in a larger post that I should have up soon.

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The Time Machine and Time Dependency

I believe that the novel enforces the idea that without the control of, and the harmony with, time, situations in life become hectic, unmanageable, and, in this case, possibly dangerous. The first six chapters of the The Time Machine certainly bring out the paranoia in the main character. Although he is bombarded with several benefits of the future, his confidence in his surroundings begins to deteriorate once his machine is stolen. The time frame he is currently stuck in is no longer a utopia of the future, but a vast unknown world full of what seem like unpleasant creatures. Without the machine, the Time Traveler feels lost and helpless, fearing that he will not be able to return to his own time frame, and to the familiar. It is something that represents what many fear: lack of control of machine time. As I read The Time Machine, this scene is what struck me the most. Many, if not all, of humankind of modern society depend greatly on time: when to certain tasks, when to meet people, even when to go to bed and awaken. One can get sidetracked and feel lost and hopeless because of over-dependency.

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Traveling from the Cradle to the Grave

As classmates repeatedly questioned Vertov's self-proclaimed ability to capture reality, I wondered what their definitions of “reality” were. Isn't "reality" different from person to person? Besides my physical environment, my reality includes stirring images of my past and the plans of my future. In this way, one's consciousness becomes a vehicle for time travel.

Throughout a single day, "our minds are often...'somewhere else' (Rosenwasser and Stephen 2). When I see a classmate that resembles a friend from high school, I might call upon memories that immerse me in the events of a couple years ago. If I see the flashing blue and red lights of a police cruiser, I "jump back for a moment" to the times when I was guilty of speeding (Wells 6).

Within each hour, our consciousness constantly zips back and forth between the immediate and distant memories of the past and future. If I see someone wearing a shirt I like, I might make plans to buy the identical shirt this weekend. Immediately, my mind provides an image of myself, a smile on my face, purchasing a new shirt.

Could this be Vertov's impression of what's "real"? One's consciousness is a very mobile vehicle that exceeds the limitations that determine the paths of a car, horse-drawn carriage, or cable car. At times, like the progression of incoherently quick edits, the consciousness frantically races with poignant memories and predictions. If one considers the subjectivity of "reality," understanding someone else's reality can be a hefty challenge. Perhaps Vertov truly wanted to capture his experience of a single day during the industrialization of Russia that included all his ponderings, musings of what his eyes and ears presented to him. In this way, reality becomes the sum of the present as well as the destinations in the past and future that the consciousness effortlessly traverses. Concievably, one can also imagine past and future experiences through the eyes of others. Capturing this on film would vary greatly from the linear progression of a traditional film. While proclaiming that Vertov wanted to portray the consciousness’ ability to travel through time would be too convenient of an exaggeration, it is important to remember that one’s consciousness unpredictably travels back and forth across what Wells calls the “Time-Dimension” (Wells 5).

"We are always getting away from the present moment. Our mental existences, which are immaterial and have no dimensions, are passing along the Time-Dimension with uniform velocity from the cradle to the grave" (Wells 5).

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Shaping the Future.....Now?

The Time Machine by H.G. Wells is revolutionary in the sense of introducing the idea of time travel to the world of literary works. In addition to that, it tackles the problems facing industrialized states of that time with the possible consequences that can arise in the future.

The book looks into the dividing line between the rich and the poor, shining light to the drawbacks of capitalism. When the book was written, Europe was undergoing a heavy transformation to an industrial state. This caused great technological advances, efficiency, and to some- a growing separation of wealth among the working class and the elite. Wells uses the inhabitants of the underground to represent this working class, where they work to keep the Eloi happy and content living above. This was an interesting concept, but I doubt this is possible, even thousands of years from now. Humans by nature are selfish and want the best for themselves. History has shown when the masses are unhappy, they tend to rebel and leave it to the common people to take action. While it is possible for wealth to be distributed unequally, I don’t think it can separate society into two distinct groups especially into an above and underworld. Humans typically know when they are mistreated and they will stand up for what they believe in. Yet, Wells introducing these possible consequences of a capitalistic society was novel and original, especially his time of drastic change.

When the Time Traveler meets the Eloi in the year 802,701, he notices how small, fragile, and unimaginative they are as a result of a sedentary way of life. In the future, everything is going to be done for everyone, needing no work or technological research. This sparked my interests because I believe this is probable. Within the last hundred years, people in industrialized societies have become highly inactive which are causing health problems. In addition, with the rapid pace of technology, one wonders if we will reach a state where we can’t go any further leading to a halt in development and research. I can picture the human race evolving to something that resembles the Eloi, but maybe not so extra-terrestrial looking.

While The Time Machine introduces possible outcomes from capitalism and technological advances, some ideas may not seem so plausible. Yet, it makes the reader stop and think what may happen in the future as a result of our actions today. Especially with the increased awareness of global warming, terrorism, and nuclear weapons, the future depicted in The Time Machine seems more desirable than what we might have in stored.

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Time and Its Power Over Society

When we really think about the concept of time, it seems like something intended to unify the world as a global community. As discussed in “Time Goes Standard”, the standardizing of time made things like conducting business outside of one’s town and creating a train that spanned the distance of many miles possible. Time gives structure and order to a society consisting of many individuals having varying ideas. It is the one thing that ties as together as a community/society. In H.G. Wells’ The Time Machine, this notion of time representing order and structure is displayed throughout the text.

When the Time Traveller initially showed his companions the model version of his time machine, “the little machine suddenly swung round, became indistinct, was seen as a ghost for a second…” as it disappeared into either the past or the future. (Wells 8) This machine is supposed to represent time. As it propels itself into a different space, it loses its shape and distinct look. The imagery painted is one that is slowly blending into the background. As the time machine model is losing its place in time, and defying all the laws that we know about time, it is losing itself. Could it be that the time we decided to standardize has become a comment on who we are as a society?

In the novel, none of the characters have specific names. They are all referred to by their occupation. At first, this seemed like a strange method of character development. But in a sense, the lack of names is quite fitting in the idea of time as a lasting structure that sets the standards in society. The characters are all human. They will live there lives, but then they will eventually die. Humans are not lasting. Time is lasting. Everything that is fleeting in the book is described with less detail than the elements considered permanent. For example, when the narrator is describing the point when the Time Traveller travels through time, the description is very brief and a bit dizzying. The narrator describes the laboratory growing “faint and hazy, then fainter and ever fainter. To-morrow night came black, then day again, night again, day again, faster and faster still.” (16) When the narrator describes something like the moon of the flowers or just nature in general, however, extra care is given to the description of its appearance and its location in relation to the Time Traveller. Perhaps the argument lies in the mentality that nature is eternal and lasting, while civilization can only last as long as we are allowed to by nature and time.

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Time Travel: accelerating your life to see the course of history.

The Time Machine reminded me of the movie Metropolis, a clip of which we saw in class. In the clip we saw the workers slaving away in the underground in an environment that seems reminiscent of the underground in which Morlocks live in. In the same fashion, the people who live on the surface of Metropolis live in luxury – just as the Elois are living a fruitful life in harmony amongst each other. Freder, the character in the clip who was wearing all white clothes and was observing the chaotic life of the underground notes the great gap that exists between the people and the surface and the workers of the underground.

In the novella The Time Machine, H.G. Wells uses the notion of time travel to critique the socio-political facets of life. The Time Traveller travels to the future expecting great advances in technology and the people to have great intellect – “be incredibly in front of us in knowledge, art, everything” (pg 21). On contrary, he only finds old architecture to resemble any sort of technology, suggesting that these people are capable. He skeptically proceeds to form theories on how Elois came to be, noting that this is a very different Utopia than what people have imagined to be. The Elois have evolved into simplistic race whose intelligence has deteriorated. While Elois had everything, someone had to be doing all the work for them.

The Time Traveller then found the subterranean race, the Morlocks, who are the workers. Just as in Metropolis, our civilization has evolved into two species – those that work and those that live in the Garden of Eden, of sort. Wells is able to use time travel to note how our society is driven to the dualistic state, a consequence of aristocracy (pg 40). The time machine is able to break down barriers of linearity to accelerate the evolution of “history” and critique the course of the society, driven by industrialization and gap between the rich and the poor. Although, at first, it seems as an evolution to a utopian harmony, soon we come to realize the cannibalic state of affairs.

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Men With Time Machines

After the discussion in class, it was evident that Dziga Vertov’s Man With a Movie Camera has many themes such as the celebration of humans and machines, etc. However, the theme that made most sense to me, which takes into account all the different scenes that seemingly have nothing to do with each other is the use of the movie camera as a time machine to view events under different manipulations of time. Because H.G. Wells’ The Time Machine also deals with a time machine, we could explore the differences and similarities of the two works that we have covered thus far.

The obvious difference is that the manipulation of time that is the basis of Wells’ novel is theoretical. While the explanations of the Time Traveller to his visitors seem plausible, the fact is that no one can travel through time. On the other hand, as can be seen in the film, it is very much possible to use editing techniques to show even normal activities such as playing basketball or swimming distorted under altered versions of time.

Both Vertov and The Time Traveller intend their time machines as a way of rejecting the current state of affairs. In the Time Traveller’s case, this is easy to see because everybody believes that one cannot move across time. But as he explains, time is just like the other three dimensions that exist except for the fact that our consciousness moves along it. Due to this, he says that we can move across time just like we can move across space. Vertov was trying to show a way of filmmaking that deviated from the clichéd films filled with misplaced literary and theatrical elements that existed at the time. The movie camera can be seen as a symbol for a time machine because he uses it to to free himself from the constant flow of time that he sees as constraining (according to his manifesto regarding Kino-Eye).

Because they have time machines at their disposal, Vertov and the Time Traveller put them to use, in the process bypassing the governing elements of time as mentioned in class: linearity, irreversibility, and continuity. The Time Traveller essentially speeds up time to go to the future. Vertov shows many scenes that are either sped up or slowed down (the track athletes in slow motion, for example). These manipulations break the linearity of time. The Time Traveller states that theoretically his machine could also go back to the past, meaning that he can speed up time in the opposite direction as well. Vertov shows scenes that occur at different points in time and puts them together. For example, he shows a funeral, then a marriage ceremony, followed by the birth of a child. These manipulations break the irreversibility of time. The Time Traveller provides evidence that his time machine can break the continuity of time because he has the ability to speed it up. Vertov achieves this by drawing the movement of the film to a halt (still images) at certain parts of the movie.

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Is the Traveler's Current Explanation plausible?

Is the Time Traveler’s current explanation of the future plausible? His narrative states that his current views are debunked by future discoveries, but how reasonable are his explanations based on his current knowledge of the new world? The support that he provides focuses on evidence that already exists in the present world. He points out that technology is constantly being driven underground and away from premiere locations. Examples of this observation are subway systems and workrooms that exist underground. Meanwhile, land is set aside and purchased by the rich. The examples he states are of London where the country sides are gated from the poor. The result that these circumstances have socially is that the ties between the rich and the poor are completely severed. The rich are inbred and so are the poor. The rich become complacent and undergo a reverse evolution to become a backward but Utopian society. The poor are driven underground where they evolve into ogre-like people who lurk in the dark.

An assumption that the Time Traveler makes is the existence of Darwinism both socially and anatomically. This may be interpreted differently by those who have different religious beliefs. He assumes that technology and wealth become stimuli for mutations in the human race. The poor operate technology, which is driven underground, and evolve to better fit machinery and darkness. The rich live in open fields and evolve to become frail people.

This prediction of the future does not seem plausible. The Time Traveler neglects the middle classes between the rich and the poor. These middle class people live on decent land with sufficient housing yet work among both classes. What kind of creatures should the middle class evolve to? Another neglected fact is the interaction between the rich and the poor. It is unreasonable for the rich and the poor to be completely severed from each other. The rich need the poor for labor and productivity. The poor need the rich for money, governing, and more. Both classes need the other for survival.

In addition, there are always shifts and conflict for power. Wells states that the rich and poor are comfortable being in their respective classes. However, the poor people I know are not happy being poor. If the rich were to ever become helpless, weak, and numbered, the there would be an uprising from the poor. That is the beginning stage of tyranny.

The Time Traveler uses comparisons to the present day to support his prediction of the future. However, further observations reveal inconsistencies. It is implausible for the rich to be completely detached from the poor because there are constantly interacting and shifting. Also, he neglects that there is a middle class to account for in his version of human evolution.

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Monday, January 29, 2007

Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous


The Time Machine was a novel written by H.G. Wells as most of you might know from reading it. It was adapted into a movie in 1960 and again in 2002. The 2002 version starred Guy Pierce as the time traveler and had Orlando Jones as some hologram guy. Let's just say, it wasn't a very good adaptation. They completely changed the plot of the movie. I won't spoil for you if you really do want to see it. Now onto the text.

To me, The Time Machine was a rather interesting book that was released for its time. Although science fiction novels of today are a bit more elaborate and creative in setting up a feature, I believe that Wells' interpretation of the future is as good as any other interpretation. Wells included a great deal of detail in describing the scenery of the future. The time traveler describes, "Already I saw other vast shapes-huge buildings with intricate parapets and tall columns, with a wooded hillside dimly creeping in upon me through the lessening storm" (21). (I have a different version of the book so the page number may not correspond, sorry). With this type of detail, Wells is able to create a future that almost seems to exist.

One aspect of time travel that is "cliche" is the idea that if you do something to time, then the present will be effected. This then suggests that the Time Traveler should tread carefully into the future and avoid all contact with the future. However, the Time Traveler is a scientist. And as a scientist, his job is to discover the truth. As a scientist, they should be able to discover the truth at all costs. He needs not follow any rules of conduct because he is in the future. Anything he does in the future will not affect the present time he is in. The time traveler conducts himself well as a scientist, seeking to learn about the world at that time.

Continuing on the idea of science, H.G. Wells was apparently a Darwinist. I feel that The Time Machine was a perfect illustration of his thoughts of Darwinism.
Life is very different in the year 30,000,000. The Time Traveler finds that there are new species of plants and trees that have replaced London’s former landscape. There are no longer signs of higher technology. The humans themselves have turned into a seemingly different species. He discovers two kinds of races, the Eloi and Morlocks. As a Darwinist, one would expect the society to progress so that human kind would be stronger, smarter, faster, and bigger than the previous species. However, the Time Traveler comes to find that they have degenerated to smaller, weaker, and monkey-like people. There were no signs of technological advances at all. However, the fundamental idea of Darwinism is survival of the fittest. The Eloi and Morlocks are the ones who are surviving, so the must be fitted to adapt to this time period.


As the Time Traveler continues to learn more about the Eloi and Morlocks, I cannot help but think that this is Wells own critique on the capitalistic nature of Britain. People like the Time traveler could be part of the working class for all their lives, but once provided the opportunity; people would automatically join the upper class, even if they hated their lifestyle. The time traveler sympathized with the Eloi, even though he hated their fragility and childish acts. Wells is also criticizing the fact that if the upper class continue to mistreat the working class, it would continue throughout society, even into the year 30,000,000.

So, I'll leave you with this final question, Will we become the Eloi and Morlocks in the year 30,000,000?



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The reversal of time in Vertov's "Kinoglaz"

Excellent job on posting thoughtful and perceptive response essays and feedback on Dziga Vertov's Man with a Movie Camera. Many of you brought up Vertov's self-reflexivity in the film--that is, the way he makes cinema itself the subject of his film. This is a really helpful way to connect the form of a text with its content. In other words, keep up the good work you've done with Vertov in discussing not only what a text says but through what formal techniques it articulates its messages.

For those of you who are curious about Dziga Vertov's larger body of work, you might want to watch the ~1-hour-long film Kinoglaz ("Kino-Eye"), which is quite a bit more overt than Man with a Movie Camera about celebrating communism. It is available here on Google video: http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=8007794942474987544

In particular, check out the clip from 10:58 to 12:50, where Vertov shows the process of slaughtering a cow in reverse, so the cows entrails seem to leap back into its body, its skin gets draped back around it, and it comes back to life. Also, from 32:14 - 36:42, Vertov shows a clock moving backwards and then the entire process of breadmaking in reverse. It starts from a complete loaf of bread and then moves backwards so that the bread unbakes, turns back into dough, and then back into flour. Cinema as time machine!

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Just letting you know that I tried to post but could not work out how to do it. Will look into this further. Thanks. Tom Sproats

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Sunday, January 28, 2007

A Half-Human Camera Man Trapped in Time and Space

Dziga Vertov creates A Man With A Movie Camera to demonstrate the life a camera man, thus he describes it as an experimental film without a script. This film is very confusing because it has so many images, little sounds, and no bluntly obvious sequence.

What it lacked in clarity, the film supplemented in recurring themes and images. For example, the theme of having multiple audiences or witnesses to an event in different times and spaces seeing the same thing yet still reacting in their own way. The camera man witnesses an even through the Kino-Eye, the editor sees the same scene frame by frame in a slower or faster time, the audience in the film’s theater sees the film in their own time, and we watch the audience watching the camera man watching the scene. It is in this forum that time and spaces elapse. We are the ultimate audience witnessing the reactions of another audience, the actions of the camera man, and the original scene. Our eye can witness the bigger picture, reminding us that we are also a part of a bigger picture.

A Man With A Movie Camera demonstrates the human aspect of the Kino-Eye, the camera man. This human-machine breed, the Kino-Eye, was created to record nature and its daily life; thus the recurring images of hands, feet, necks, and all types of body parts. Weddings, birth, death, washing, grooming, a day at the railroad station, working with industry, walking on the street are all part of the city daily life. These occur every day and more than once in the film. The images are short clips but are pieces that in we can connect to a previous experience. Although the film uses few real-life sounds, the ones used also remind us of the importance of noise in our routine and what those sounds represent in our minds.

A sub-theme of daily-life is images of cleaning and grooming. Many images are of people washing up, of cleaning streets, of combing and cutting hair, of polishing nails. Their significance is important and recurring but it is difficult to decipher.

Recurring themes of machinery and industry remind us of the fast-paced place we live in. The factories remind us that machine and man are becoming one. Even the Kino-Eye is a part of this breed. Dziga Vertov reminds us that things can slow down and that humans can have their day at the beach, or in the ocean, or on a carousel, or sports.The audience is shown images of leisure to encourage us to pass through space and into those moments; to remind us that they exist and separate us from machine time.

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Realize the Full Potential of the Kino-Eye!

Dziga Vertov's 1929 Man with a Movie Camera is unlike any film I've ever seen. What sensation is Vertov trying to evoke in his audience with the unrelenting, rapid-fire cross-cutting? Uninterrupted shots range in length from an average of one to two seconds down to a frantic barrage of intermixed scenes lasting maybe a frame or two each. The film left me mentally exhausted and physically queasy.

Vertov's shot choices and editing techniques must have seemed pioneering and experimental at the time. I had the feeling more than once during the screening that I was part of the experiment, a lab rat being presented with stimuli simply to see how I would react.

Most films aim to immerse their audience in a story or subject, and great effort is made not to disrupt the experience. What sets this film apart is that its aim is quite the opposite. Creative shots are cross-cut with shots of the cameraman filming that shot, cross-cut again with footage of the editing room where a woman is hard at work cutting together the film. No doubt she is cursing Vertov for making a film with literally thousands more cuts than a typical feature.

A whole segment of the movie is devoted to the strips of film themselves, as Vertov delights in pummeling us with self-reference. Our focus is turned and turned and turned again, pulled in briefly to consider subject after subject and given little time to fit storyline to subject.

This is perhaps because the real subject of Man with a Movie Camera is filmmaking itself. All other content is secondary and fleeting, and present only for its value as example of this or that technique. The dramatic shot of an oncoming train is sandwiched by footage showing how the shot was set up, and footage of the crew packing up and heading away. The "transportation" and "industrialization" theme suggested by the train is overshadowed by the story of "hey, look what we can do with these cameras!"

STRUCTURE

The film lacked the cohesive storyline that we have come to expect, even from documentaries. Having said that, Man with a Movie Camera did contain an awkward structure. After the campy cinema house intro, the first hour or so has a documentary flavor, presenting a day in the life of a city (St. Petersburg?). We see the abandoned city streets in the early morning, and we return to the same intersections and places throughout the day to see the squares flush with people, cars, trams, buses, horse-drawn chariots, hustle and bustle. Finally, we are treated to a montage of workers cleaning up, wiping down, and turning off their industrial assembly line machines. One of the longest shots of the film, a gentle 10-second (which by then seems an eternity, after being subjected to frantic cut after cut) calming view of a dim sky which presumably is conveying dusk, sets the stage for the city to go back to sleep.

Abruptly, a new chapter begins at the beach. The man with the movie camera, having documented humans at work, now turns the lens on humans at play. Beach play transitions to sport, and again we are made to focus less on the putative subject (humans at play) and more on the techniques used in filming them: slow motion, innovative camera angles.

THEMES

Several subjects seem to get enough attention cumulatively to eventually allow the audience to string together their individual stories.

While Vertov obsesses with avant-garde camera work and creative editing, his fictional filmmaker addresses various issues with a heavy hand. He makes us consider:
  • life and death, juxtaposing a funeral procession with the birth of a child.
  • industrialization, cross-cutting assembly line workers with machines.
  • city-as-machine, packing people into trams and buses and shuffling them around with great efficiency through intersections with motorized precision.
  • glorification of the worker (he may have had to include this theme to get the film past the censors) - from the steel worker to the miner, the seamstress to the cashier, the cigarette packager to the phone exchange operator, and don't forget the woman toiling away in the cutting room! Workers of the world unite!
REACTION SUMMARY

The film overall suffered from Vertov's obsession with cross-cutting. His demonstration of other techniques was I think hampered by the constant flitting from subject to subject. The film-within-a-film lacked cohesion as a result, but was distracting enough that it obscured and diluted what I suspect was Vertov's message: realize the full potential of the Kino-Eye!

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Modernization Through The Eye Of A Camera

Unlike mainstream films today, Dziga Vertov’s Man With A Movie Camera provides a unique perspective on film in an era of rapid industrialization and modernization. One main difference for this film was its theme, where most movies concentrate on external themes, and Vertov centers around the camera itself. The camera represents a new theory of the Cine-eye, where it observes society through an objective lens. An interesting take on this film is that the film follows the lives of a man filming around a town and a film editor, both whom work as “Cine-eye pilots” in producing this alternate view on the dawning of movies.

The first striking scene is the opening scene with an empty theatre, representing an end to classical theatre where there are no theatrics and only a pure objective form of film. Also the mechanical seats contrasts with the chaotic entering crowd shows a dawning era of mechanized industrialism that will conflict with our chaotic society. Also the orchestra stayed silent until certain parts of the film, which also shows this control that the mechanical film has over a multifaceted chaotic orchestra.

Aside from the opening scene, the following scene of sleeping people seemed to show a time before industrialization and film where the world stayed dormant and lacked communication. But the stillness in industrial areas, such as cogs and machines, show the beginnings of a rapidly industrializing world, namely Russia with its rapid 5-year plans that aimed to bring the Soviet Union to the modern world in record time. Later with the awakening, the film showed birds, speeding trains, and people rapidly getting ready. Also in this moment the man with the movie camera began to roll his film, signifying a new era of modernization and growth. Even conflicts between old and new are shown with the clash between a train stopping for a horse carriage. And yet with all the growing chaos around society with rapid industrialization, the cameraman and his camera seem isolated from these changes.

A division occurs in the film when time stops, as the film’s ability to control time takes over. The film editor is seen looking at each individual frame, representing not only the controlled time of film, but also presents the many facets of human life & society. Also the film looks at opposite parts of human society with a marriage registration, then a divorce registration, a death, and a birth. These all show how the camera is all-seeing and with each frame it sees so much, especially when a blinking eye (like different frames) showed many different images.

An important recurring theme is the camera continually rolling alongside the cameraman, also the changing of the stop sign by a policeman all represent a continual changing environment with the Cine-eye as a constant and objective onlooker. This overlooking theme is exemplified with the huge camera superimposed on the city landscape looking over all the movement of society.

All these moments show many parts of the camera and its function as a creator of a new era where mechanized industry takes over society. Finally, film functions as a storyteller and storywriter for the future with its new a revolutionary technique of objectivism.

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Distorted Reality in Man with a Movie Camera

Dziga Vertov’s 1929 film “A Man with a Movie Camera” was a collaboration of “experimental events”. But already from the beginning of the film, Vertov’s theater scene has a central message about the changing relationship between humans and machines.

The scene starts out in an empty theater with empty seats, with a man upstairs in the process of loading film. Ironically, the camera– a machine– is lit and full of life, while the theater– a place usually full of people– is dead. Slowly, the music builds up and a musical production is underway. The theater components begin to come to life as people begin flooding in. The strangest part is when the seats begin to liven up. They are being put down before people even got to sit down. In this situation, the machine-to-human dependency and restriction is eliminated. In real life, those types of seats would go down only under human weight. But now, machines had a life that is uncontrolled by humans. It has switched, demonstrating machine’s control over human space. Humans are immersed in a distorted reality created by machines, and Vertov demonstrates that perfectly in the beginning of this scene.

In the next part of the scene, once everyone is seated, the music is cut as silence fills the theater. The spectators are waiting for the show to begin, and the orchestra is on stand-by, awaiting the camera’s cue. Each orchestra player is frozen in time, waiting for the camera to turn on with life and essentially rejuvenate their own lives. Once the light from the camera turns on, the show starts. The orchestra begins playing, the music starts up again, and the audience becomes engaged in the production. I was intrigued by this scene mainly because of the orchestra players. Here, Vertov is again depicting humanity’s dependence on machine temporally, instead of spatially like the beginning part with the seats. The orchestra players are waiting on the camera’s cue, essentially running on machine time. Humans subject themselves to their control, and once again, the machine-to-human dependency and restriction that was previously present has completely changed.

Another interesting thing I discovered while watching the scene was the theater itself. The style of that theater, with its massive drapes and seating, is usually used for plays or operas. It has now been turned into a movie theater, where humans are now spending more and more time with machines. They are now allocating their time for machine-produced entertainment. Like the orchestra players, this act demonstrates technology’s control over people’s time. The fact that people are donating their time to sit in this theater and watch this film, rather than human-produced plays or operas, demonstrates the lack of resistance to machine control. They are acknowledging what technology can bring to them, and relishing in it. It has reached the point where the machine control over humans is prevalent, and humans are making no effort to change that.

Through the three components of this beginning scene, the machine control over human space and time has become so prevalent that there is a dependency. The seats are already down by themselves before the spectators sit, the orchestra does not start until they get the light cue from the camera, and people donate their time for machine-produced entertainment. Vertov uses this film to ultimately depict a distorted reality that humans are increasingly subjecting themselves to through their growing dependence on machines.

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Saturday, January 27, 2007

Waking Up Cinema with a Man and a Movie Camera

(Even though I've checked it beforehand, I apologize for any spelling errors this may have. My laptop is in the shop and the loaner doesn't have Word, AKA spellcheck.)

I don't normally watch artistic or experimental films, so Man With a Movie Camera was a refreshing change from the same humdrum summer action blockbuster or romantic comedy. Because of this, I initially tried to derive a somewhat concrete plot, but then realized that the surface of the movie, or the visual itself, was the point of the film. The film, I found, was self-referential, as the "cameraman" would be sometimes shown on the top of an enormous camera or overlooking a cityscape on a rooftop, setting up his own camera. Sometimes the subjects of his film would notice the camera, such as the boy sleeping on the streets, and become more playful or embarrassed. One scene seemed to hint at the theme of the film, showing a camera coming out of its case by itself, setting itself up and filming without a human behind it - thus removing the man from the movie camera.


One scene I felt to be particularly jarring was the scene with a man kneeling on the tracks before an incoming train. The scenes before it were sleepy, slow, and showed many of the same things again and again. Many of those scenes showed no movement at all, as if time stood still and nothing could change. As the train approached nearer and nearer I felt a sense of impending doom for both the man and the film, but surprisingly the scenes after the train showed new life - such as the woman giving birth - and of people waking up and starting their busy lives. Though I am not sure what exactly the man is supposed to be representing, I surmise that he is the old, outdated form of using the camera, and once the train of "revolution," to use Dziga Vertov's word, takes him out, the tired art of cinema can finally have a rebirth.


Some of the other scenes I found to be meaningful were the cigarette factory segment, the salon/everyday task juxtaposition, and the blinking woman. The girls making and filling the cigarette boxes work slowly at first, then speed up faster and faster until they reach a dizzying machine-like pace. I interpreted this scene in two ways - one, that the camera (or rather, editing) can make humans seem like they are working at unnatural speeds, and two, that the machine is slowly taking over human labor in a more industrial era. The salon scene was simply interesting to me as Vertov used the film medium to relate the beautification of the human body with the advancement of Russia. Lastly, the blinking woman alludes back to Vertov's "Kino-Eye" manifesto, showing, albeit in a more exaggerated way, that to film exactly as the human eye sees would make movies an incomprehensible blur of images.

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Man with a Movie Camera: Cinematic Masterpiece and Artistic Propaganda

Dziga Vertov’s Man with a Movie Camera uncovers the life of a cameraman who explores a city full of machines and technology as he documents the everyday life of ordinary people in Russia in the late 1920s. The film is full of excitement, originality, and revolutionary camera techniques including fast motion, slow motion, freeze frames, split screens, and jump cuts. With the emphasis on the concept of Kino-Eye, the movie claims to break away from traditional filmmaking “without the use of intertitles, without the help of a script, without the help of a theatre.” The film focuses on the portrayal of city life after the introduction of machinery in Moscow and Odessa, yet it also contains an important political message behind the industrialization and modernization of the society. In the end, Man with a Movie Camera is an artistic piece of Leninist propaganda with a big appreciation for the industrial revolution.

The movie begins with a slow pace with slow, flowing images depicting the city waking up in the morning. The streets are peacefully deserted and quiet, representing the old world, a world without machines. Suddenly the pace of the film changes to fast images flying across the screen, so fast that it becomes impossible for the audience to see everything that is happening. This is the beginning of the new society, the modern society with advanced technology. In this process, the film gives birth to a unique relationship between men and machines. Millions of artistic and avant-garde images of men with machines testify how humans not only control the machines, but are also a lot like machines. Fast-paced moving shots that show the city functioning like a factory, with humans’ exploitation of technology and their movements synchronized with the machines, show that men are the driving forces of modern society.

This phenomenon can also be seen through the very concept of the making of this movie, namely with Kino-Eye. Kino-Eye represents the perfect production of an image as a result of the collaboration between humans and camera (the machine). The multiple recurring shots of the interlaying images of the camera lens and the human eye symbolize Kino-Eye as they indicate this concept as a window to the new world. Vertov uses fresh and unique styles of capturing images and editing in inventive ways to demonstrate the positive outcome of the combination of humans and technology. The train scene demonstrates how this new window can deliver pictures that were impossible to be captured before the development of the new camera techniques. The camera was set up so that the train seems to be coming right towards the lens, creating fear and anxiety in the viewer. As the train is about to seemingly collide with the lens and the cameraman, the screen moves under the train as the shot turns into the train’s point of view by displaying the fast moving railroad tracks beneath it. This initiates a series of intense rapid images through various jump cuts and fast motion, resulting in a shocking and powerful moment for the audience. Additionally, the frequent use of split screens when exhibiting parallels in life such as young and old, marriage and divorce, life and death, and work and recreation illustrates the film’s intention to show the duality of everything in life.

While presenting the perfect marriage between man and machine through the unconventional use of the camera, Man with a Movie Camera subtly conveys Lenin’s political ideology in that era. The movie puts a great emphasis on a Proletariat-oriented society under the rule of Lenin. The members of the upper class enjoying the horse-carriage ride is portrayed pejoratively as old and outdated compared to the automobiles and trolley cars. Most of the scenes of the film show the unity among the common people en masse, mostly proletariat, enjoying and participating in the same activities, whether they are working or playing. The film expresses the pleasure and satisfaction resulting from a society where everyone shares and works together equally and fairly. The film also constantly highlights the idea of a structured society that functions properly, like a machine, through repetitive images of factory workers and their machines. This stresses the society’s dependency on the working class and the importance of every society member as the backbone of achieving and maintaining the prosperity of their society. With its creative portrayal of everyday life in 1920’s Russia and the hidden political meaning through Vertov’s progressive camerawork, Man with a Movie Camera is both a lasting cinematic masterpiece and a paradigm of artistic propaganda.

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Film Terms Put in Action

In Dziga Vertov’s Man With a Movie Camera, Vertov attempts to make a bold statement about film making through his various filming techniques and styles that seemed almost futuristic and too fragmented for its times. I was honestly shocked because I had never seen a movie like this. I am much absorbed by popular culture films and movies known as “chick flicks,” so this movie was drastically different for me. After starting out confused from all of the different and random scenes flashing across the screen, I slowly started understand their significance to his film.

Since I did not understand the movie and its composition at all for the most part while watching it, my notes consisted of scenes and thoughts that could possibly play a role in the entire meaning of the movie. Now, as I look through my notes and after some research, I see that the scenes represent all the usual happenings that could occur in a day in the Soviet Union. The flashes of random sights showing people, benches, and other objects such as typewriters depict a quiet morning that became livelier with the beat of the music.

What is more interesting than what is happening in the frames is how they are shot. Reading the glossary terms for film analysis before the movie was helpful because I started to notice filming techniques more instead of simply the content of the film, which I believe to be one of Vertov’s purposes. For example, I noticed that there were low-angle shots when the man was filming the feet, and there were also high-angle shots when there was a view of the street from up above. There were frozen shots that seemed like photographs and they froze upon framed photographs. I also noticed that the camera itself was not moving very much. The people and objects that the camera was filming moved, but the machine itself did not tilt, pan, or zoom. If the camera was moving, it was because the machine itself was on a moving object, such as a car. Other techniques that Vertov utilized were fast forwarding, reversing, splitting scenes vertically and horizontally, slow motion, point of view shots, and super-imposing images on one another, such as the first scene in which the man with the camera was setting up on top of another mountainous camera.

The significance of these techniques comes from looking at them as a whole instead of individually, because many of them, especially put together, were ahead of their times when placed in that movie. This could reflect Vertov’s view of the state of the Soviet Union at the time, since the country was going through a rebirth and attempting to take strides beyond other countries to be ahead of its times technologically, economically, and even cinematically. Scenes of industry, cars, and machinery depict the industrialization of the Soviet Union. Moreover, the showings of marriage to divorce, death to birth, and old technology to new technology display the underlying transition occurring to the Soviet Union at the time.

Most importantly, the many various filming techniques contribute to Vertov’s view of how films should be made, especially documentaries. He created a montage through splicing the thousands of scenes together in different ways, but it still depicted an overall image of a day in the life of the up and coming Soviet Union. This follows his views about how the Kino-Eye deletes all of the unnecessary images that the human eye sees and pieces together the most important scenes to create one impression for the entire audience to react to.

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The Effects of Machine Technology on Man

Jeff Rutgard
Man with a Movie Camera: The Effects of Machine Technology on Man

Man with a Movie Camera seems to take place during this peak time of industrialization where new technologies have been created for the first time for work and convenience of mankind. While this text supplies great confusion it also supplies lots of contrasts and range of emotions along with the range of music that is being played during the picture. Man with a Movie Camera shows ultimately the invasion of machines into our modern life and ultimately turning us into machines by our routine movements.

In this industrial age many new machines have been created and the picture shows them at first in flashes such as sewing machine, cash register, telephone, automobile, electric lights and factories just to name a few. These machines are shown separately and with human use to show that they are inanimate without human use. But with human use it appears that are able to do more work that is they're able to do it faster than before with the machine. Now you're seeing humans doing the same work that they've done in the past without machines but instead of doing whatever job they are doing by themselves are able to do a more simplistic part and repeat that part over and over again to achieve their task instead of doing many different tasks to achieve the same goal. This constant repeating like a machine action is turning people into a sense of being one with the machine, a Cine-Eye if you will. The texts shows this a number of ways for instance one way is it shows a dummy one that you would see in the department stores modeling clothes this dummy was using a sewing machine by some sort of stringed contraption showing the dummy sew on the machine as the machine was moving. Then it turned to a clip of a woman using a sewing machine doing the same routine movements back and forth but ultimately doing it faster than by hand. As dummies are models that are supposed to represent human this shows that we're turning into these machines by doing the same monotonous work and having on alive objects to do the same things that we are able to do. The assembly line is another example where were no longer completing a job from start to finish but we're merely a part of the machine completing only one minute detail. Like the picture in the film that had the lens of the camera and the human eye inside looking out showing how we are fusing ourselves with the machine eventually becoming one of them.

Now there were other ways of showing this throughout the film in the way of the music and contradictions to convey emotion. The film's tempo orientated itself around the tempo of the music so when the people were working in factories and the music was fast the people were working fast and when the music was slow the people worked slower. The music we change also on the emotion that is taking place for instance when someone was signing their marriage certificates happy music played and when someone signed divorce papers sad music plays, along with death and rebirth the music changes to the mood. There was also a great angle in contrast when it came to filming the camera usually shot below the people or machines and above the people or machines not usually right at eye level. These often down shots typically depicted the camera towering over the people kind of symbolizing how the machine is ruling the people who are little ants from the perspective of a camera. Another contrast was the idea of working all the time with machines to the idea of rest and exercise. It showed how people tended to gain weight it appeared by working with this machine and been more stagnant since the people were typically sitting down all day and working with their hands like the telephone operators. This led to the difference between people exercising by playing sports or the new thing which was people using machines to lose weight where the machine works and you do not.

This shows how technology has introduced itself into our livelihood and taken over the way we do things by making us more like them instead of the other way around.

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Wednesday, January 24, 2007

Note-Taker needed for Disabled Students' Program

The Disabled Students' Program (DSP) would like to hire a note-taker for a DSP student in our class. You would be paid a stipend of $140 if you provide notes for the entire semester. For more information on being a note-taker, please see http://dsp.berkeley.edu.

If you interested, please contact dspnotes@berkeley.edu directly.

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Tuesday, January 23, 2007

cross-posting

Hi everyone,

Feel free to set up your own blog in addition to signing up for the course blog. This is not required, but it's a good way to keep track of your own posts, and you'll have a more aggregate record of your thought process by the end of the course.

If you upgrade your blogger.com account to the new version (used to be called beta), then you'll be able to cross-post on both the course blog and on your own blog. You need a gmail account to do this though. Once you've set up your own blog make sure to go into "settings," click on the "email" tab and choose a "mail-to-blogger-address" that you can email your posts to. Do the same thing with your account on the course blog, and then you'll be able to send an email that CCs a cross-post to both blogs. Let me know (in comments) if you have any questions.

BTW, as far as I can tell, this is the most straight forward way to set up automatic cross-posting on blogger right now. If anyone can find a way to do it with the regular editor let us know.

Also, if you already have a blog, feel free to cross-post from there. Those of you who use Wordpress may have an easier option.


--Josh


UPDATE:
For those of you who have your own blog and would like to cross-post with your course blogger account, check out this flow chart and scroll down to cross-posting to see if your blog is supported. If not, there may still be a way to email a post to your blog, and then you can just use the same method as described above.

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Monday, January 22, 2007

Blog Groups

Here are the blog groups for the course. Post your response essay to the blog by noon the day before we discuss the assigned text in class.

*Note*
Group A's blog post on Man with a Movie Camera has been shifted to be due Jan. 28th SUNDAY NOON, for discussion Monday Jan. 29th. Also, you are encouraged to read other people's posted response essays and comment on them before class.

GROUP A
Stephanie C
Silbi S
Jeff R
Valerie C
Nina Z
Nehal N
Tom M
Miriam M
Meegan B

GROUP B
Daniella F
Katherine A
Robert L
Felix W
Shane W
Shyam V
Ifan W
Guillermo M
Alex K

GROUP C
Rachel K
Daniel B
Phoebe A
Davaansh S
Jane N
Sean C
Caitlin H
Eddie N
Mike K

GROUP D
Angie B
Akshay B
Frank S
Tim M
Tom S
Caroline G
Danica F
Brenda F

Friday, January 19, 2007

Welcome

Welcome to the Film Studies R1B course Machine Time/Time Machines.

Please note that if you were on the waitlist for the course, I can't guarantee a spot for you, EVEN IF it seemed like there was most likely space for you on the first day of class, and EVEN IF you fulfill the initial course assignments, until the final enrollment has been sorted out next week.

However, I want to reiterate what you should have prepared for class on Monday, Jan. 22nd to continue in the course.

1) Diagnostic Essay

2) Pick up Writing Analytically and course reader. Sorry the reader was delayed. It is available now at Zee Zee Copies (Sather Lane on Bancroft)

3) Sign up for the course blog. You should have received an invitation to join the blog at the email address you provided in class. Please email me or Josh if you have any problems with the sign-up process.
*Please identify yourself on blogger with either your full name or your first name plus last initial so everyone in the class knows who you are.

4) In addition to reading "Kino-Eye," read two very short essays by James Gleick, "Times Goes Standard" and "Time and Motion" in the reader. I didn't mention them in class, but they are on the syllabus.

Looking forward to seeing you in class!